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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
Published on: April 10, 2015
Correlation between existential form of ruthenium cocatalyst and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of carbon nitride
Mianmian Zhai1, Yu Zhang1, Jixiang Xu1
1Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic Discipline Team of Eco-Chemical Process and Technology, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
Abstract:
Catalysts composed of nanocluster and single-atom (SA) were extensively used to enhance electrocatalytic water splitting performance, whereas study of their photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution activity was limited. Herein, carbon nitride (CN) decorated by ruthenium (Ru) cocatalysts existed as SA + cluster, cluster + nanoparticles (NPs), and NPs were prepared by impregnation and calcination processes. The correlation between existential form, content of Ru cocatalyst and H2 evolution rate were carefully discussed. It was found that Ru NPs were favor for water molecule adsorption, whereas Ru SAs and clusters facilitated H2 desorption. Theoretical calculations revealed that Ru clusters + NPs cocatalyst were beneficial for H* intermediate formation. Water splitting tests found that 1.07 wt% Ru NPs + cluster modified CN showed the highest H2 evolution rate of 13.64 mmol h-1 g-1, which was 266.4 and 1.5 times higher than those of CN and Ru NPs (2.33 wt%) decorated CN, respectively. This work deeply reveals the influences of existential form of Ru cocatalysts on photocatalytic water splitting of CN, and provides thought in designing new cocatalysts to largely enhance H2 evolution.
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