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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

35.8K
An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

13.7K
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
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Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

51.0K
During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

Replication in Prokaryotes

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the Chromosome
Replication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy

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Monitoring and quantifying replication fork dynamics with high-throughput methods.

Nora Fajri1, Nataliya Petryk2

  • 1UMR9019 - CNRS, Intégrité du Génome et Cancers, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.

Communications Biology
|June 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accurate chromosome replication in eukaryotic cells ensures genetic information transmission. Novel quantitative technologies reveal DNA replication fork dynamics, chromatin assembly, and epigenome maintenance mechanisms.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy
15:57

Visualizing Single-molecule DNA Replication with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: October 9, 2009

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Visualization of DNA Replication in the Vertebrate Model System DT40 using the DNA Fiber Technique
07:18

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Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic chromosome replication is essential for accurate genetic information transmission during cell division.
  • Replication encompasses DNA duplication, chromatin assembly, epigenetic mark inheritance, and genomic function restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of novel quantitative technologies in understanding chromosome replication.
  • To elucidate the principles and mechanisms governing DNA replication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing recent progress in quantitative technologies.
  • Analyzing DNA replication forks at molecular and genomic scales.

Main Results:

  • Novel methods have illuminated genome replication program regulation.
  • Quantified the impact of DNA replication on genomic mutations and evolution.
  • Elucidated mechanisms of replication-coupled chromatin assembly and epigenome maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative technologies are pivotal for advancing our understanding of chromosome replication.
  • These methods provide insights into genome stability, evolution, and epigenetic inheritance.