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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Gases
  • Superfluidity

Background:

  • Symmetry-breaking phase transitions are fundamental to states of matter.
  • Continuous symmetry breaking creates excitations linked to order parameter fluctuations.
  • In superfluids, phase and amplitude fluctuations yield distinct collective branches, but amplitude fluctuations are hard to detect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly excite and measure amplitude oscillations in an atomic Fermi gas.
  • To investigate the properties and behavior of these elusive excitations.

Main Methods:

  • Excitation of amplitude oscillations via an interaction quench in a resonant Fermi gas.
  • Time-resolved measurement using Bragg spectroscopy, sensitive to order parameter amplitude.
  • Analysis of the time-resolved response to reveal oscillation frequency and magnitude.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of amplitude oscillations at twice the superfluid gap frequency.
  • Strong temperature dependence of the oscillatory response magnitude.
  • Observed decay of oscillations faster than predicted by time-dependent Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated a method to directly generate and probe amplitude fluctuations in superfluids.
  • Provided experimental evidence for amplitude oscillations and their unique characteristics.
  • Highlighted discrepancies with current theory, suggesting refinements are needed for superfluid dynamics.