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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
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Microscopic Intervention Yields Abrupt Transition in Interdependent Ferromagnetic Networks.

Bnaya Gross1, Ivan Bonamassa2, Shlomo Havlin1

  • 1Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel.

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|June 15, 2024
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Researchers explored interdependent ferromagnetic networks, finding that thermal dissipation range controls critical phenomena and enables macroscopic phase transitions via localized interventions. This offers new control mechanisms for complex materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Network Science

Background:

  • Interdependent networks exhibit novel critical behaviors, necessitating studies beyond traditional percolation theory.
  • Experimentally testable materials now realize these complex network phenomena, driving research in critical kinetics and phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the critical kinetics and phase transitions in a model of interdependent spatial ferromagnetic networks.
  • To analyze the impact of tunable spatial range in thermal interactions on network behavior.
  • To identify new phases and control mechanisms in these realistic network models.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling interdependent spatial ferromagnetic networks with tunable thermal interaction range.
  • Analyzing critical phenomena and phase diagrams influenced by thermal dissipation range.
  • Investigating the microscopic kinetics and macroscopic phase transitions.

Main Results:

  • The range of thermal dissipation significantly affects critical phenomena and the phase diagram of the model.
  • Microscopic kinetics are directly influenced by the extent of thermal dissipation.
  • A novel phase was discovered where localized interventions (heating or magnetic fields) induce macroscopic phase transitions.

Conclusions:

  • The spatial range of thermal interactions is a critical factor in controlling interdependent network behavior.
  • Localized microscopic interventions offer a realistic and effective method for controlling macroscopic phases in these materials.
  • Findings provide insights into rich phenomena and practical protocols for manipulating complex interdependent systems.