Efficient anode material derived from nutshells for bio-energy production in microbial fuel cell

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Biochar, a carbonaceous solid derived from biomass pyrolysis, is explored for its potential in energy applications.
• Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) offer a sustainable route for wastewater treatment and bioenergy production.
• The choice of electrode material significantly impacts MFC performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy of biochar derived from peanut shells, coconut shells, and walnut shells as electrode materials in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell.
• To analyze the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of the prepared biochars.
• To correlate biochar properties with MFC power generation.

Main Methods:

• Preparation of biochar from peanut, coconut, and walnut shells via pyrolysis.
• Physicochemical characterization (porosity, amorphous nature, biocompatibility, conductivity) of biochars.
• Electrochemical analysis, including polarization studies, to determine power density in MFCs.

Main Results:

• Peanut shell biochar (PSB) demonstrated the highest power density (165 mW/m²), outperforming coconut shell biochar (CSB), activated charcoal (AC), and walnut shell biochar (WSB).
• PSB's superior performance was linked to its high surface area and optimal pore size distribution, promoting robust biofilm formation.
• The enhanced electrical capacitance of PSB facilitated efficient electron transfer between microorganisms and the anode.

Conclusions:

• Biochar derived from agricultural waste, particularly peanut shells, is a promising material for MFC electrodes.
• The surface characteristics and electrochemical properties of biochar are critical factors for optimizing MFC power output.
• This study highlights the potential of biochar as a sustainable and effective material for bioenergy generation in MFCs.