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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Omega-3 world map: 2024 update.

Jan Philipp Schuchardt1, Philine Beinhorn2, Xue Feng Hu3

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Progress in Lipid Research
|June 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The Omega-3 Index (O3I) map was updated, revealing low n3 PUFA levels in most countries. Several nations improved their O3I status, while others, like Iran and India, showed particularly poor levels.

Keywords:
Conversion equationDHAEPAEstimated Omega-3 IndexGOED clinical databaseGlobal omega-3 status

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • The Omega-3 Index (O3I) is a key biomarker for assessing n3 PUFA status.
  • The first global O3I map was published in 2016.
  • Updating this map is crucial for tracking population-level omega-3 fatty acid intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update the 2016 worldwide n3 PUFA status map.
  • To incorporate new data on Omega-3 Index (O3I) and blood EPA + DHA levels.
  • To analyze changes in global n3 PUFA status since 2016.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search for studies reporting O3I or convertible EPA + DHA levels post-1999.
  • Utilized newly developed equations to convert non-RBC EPA + DHA metrics to estimated O3I.
  • Included baseline data from 328 clinical trials and observational studies (342,864 subjects) from 48 countries/regions.

Main Results:

  • Most countries exhibit low to very low O3I levels (≤6%).
  • Notable improvements were observed in the USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, UK, Ireland, Greece (very low to low), France, Spain, New Zealand (low to moderate), and Finland, Iceland (moderate to desirable).
  • Iran, Egypt, and India show particularly low O3I levels.

Conclusions:

  • Global n3 PUFA status remains suboptimal in many regions.
  • Tracking O3I provides valuable insights into population nutritional status.
  • Continued monitoring and public health initiatives are needed to improve omega-3 fatty acid intake worldwide.