Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

44.0K
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
44.0K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

10.2K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
10.2K
E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism02:45

E2 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism

10.1K
SN2 substitutions and E2 eliminations of alkyl halides proceed via a concerted pathway. While the nucleophile attacks the alpha carbon in SN2 reactions, it functions as a strong base and abstracts a beta hydrogen in the E2 mechanism. The rate-limiting transition state in E2 elimination reactions is characterized by partially broken carbon–hydrogen and carbon–halogen bonds and a partially formed pi bond between the alpha and beta carbons. The beta hydrogen and halide are eliminated...
10.1K
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

21.2K
Overview
21.2K
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

1.0K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
1.0K
Ecological Disturbance02:26

Ecological Disturbance

17.1K
An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
17.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical standards for antimicrobial stewardship in TB care.

IJTLD open·2025
Same author

Precession modulates the poleward expansion of atmospheric circulation to the Arctic Ocean.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Enhanced phosphorus weathering contributed to Late Miocene cooling.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

CBCT-based online adaptive radiotherapy of the prostate bed: first clinical experience and comparison to nonadaptive conventional IGRT.

Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]·2024
Same author

A large-scale transcontinental river system crossed West Antarctica during the Eocene.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Value of sarcopenia in the resection of colorectal liver metastases-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in oncology·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.8K

Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 triggered by Kerguelen volcanism.

C A Walker-Trivett1,2, S Kender3,4, K A Bogus5

  • 1Camborne School of Mines, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK. cw725@exeter.ac.uk.

Nature Communications
|June 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Volcanic activity from the Kerguelen Large Igneous Province (LIP) preceded and coincided with Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). Pulsed mercury spikes suggest LIP volcanism drove climate and carbon cycle changes, triggering OAE2.

More Related Videos

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
06:29

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

3.5K
Sediment Core Sectioning and Extraction of Pore Waters under Anoxic Conditions
09:21

Sediment Core Sectioning and Extraction of Pore Waters under Anoxic Conditions

Published on: March 7, 2016

9.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.8K
Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
06:29

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

3.5K
Sediment Core Sectioning and Extraction of Pore Waters under Anoxic Conditions
09:21

Sediment Core Sectioning and Extraction of Pore Waters under Anoxic Conditions

Published on: March 7, 2016

9.0K

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Paleoclimatology
  • Plate Tectonics

Background:

  • Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) are linked to global warming and carbon cycle disruptions, such as Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) and the Mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE).
  • The precise volcanic source and trigger mechanism for these events remain debated, with previous hypotheses involving the Caribbean LIP or High Arctic LIP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the timing of volcanic activity associated with OAE2 and MCE.
  • To identify the provenance of sedimentary material during these events.
  • To elucidate the role of volcanism in triggering OAE2 and MCE.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sedimentary mercury (Hg) concentrations in the Mentelle Basin to pinpoint volcanic timing.
  • Neodymium (Nd) and strontium (Sr) isotope analysis to establish sedimentary provenance.
  • Comparison of Hg data with Northern Hemisphere records.

Main Results:

  • Elevated sedimentary Hg concentrations in the Mentelle Basin, exceeding Northern Hemisphere levels, indicate Kerguelen LIP volcanic activity.
  • A shift towards radiogenic Nd isotopes points to Kerguelen LIP plateau uplift preceding and during OAE2.
  • Limited evidence suggests volcanism did not directly cause the MCE, but pulsed Hg spikes before and during OAE2 were significant.

Conclusions:

  • Kerguelen LIP volcanism and associated plateau uplift were active leading up to and during OAE2.
  • Volcanic emissions from the Kerguelen LIP played a crucial role in driving climate and carbon cycle changes, ultimately triggering OAE2.