Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

473
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
473
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

2.9K
The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
2.9K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

150
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
150
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

3.7K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.7K
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

36.5K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
36.5K
What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

93.2K
Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
93.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The reliability of multisensory integration in enhancing behavioral performance.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same author

Introduction to the Special Issue on The Merging of the Senses.

Multisensory research·2025
Same author

Cross-modal exposure restores multisensory enhancement after hemianopia.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2023
Same author

Predictability alters multisensory responses by modulating unisensory inputs.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2023
Same author

Ameliorating Hemianopia with Multisensory Training.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2023
Same author

Noise-rearing precludes the behavioral benefits of multisensory integration.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2022
Same journal

Differentiation of cortical areas: effects of free energy minimization with broken symmetry.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Prior exposure to speech rapidly modulates cortical processing of high-level linguistic structure.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Beta bursts in SMA mediate anticipatory muscle inhibition.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Cognitive load modulates the effects of social contexts on facial expression processing.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

The neural mechanisms of aligning spatial perspectives.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
Same journal

Relationships between bilateral tapping skills and brain gray matter volumes: a voxel-based morphometry study.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.5K

The brain can develop conflicting multisensory principles to guide behavior.

Scott A Smyre1, Naomi L Bean1, Barry E Stein1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|June 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early sensory processing in cats adapts to environmental cues. Behavioral flexibility allows cats to enhance responses to experienced cross-modal stimuli, demonstrating developmental plasticity.

Keywords:
cross-modalhearingintegrationnoise-rearingvision

More Related Videos

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.3K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

19.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

16.5K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.3K
Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

19.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Multisensory neurons in the midbrain transition from competitive to cooperative processing of cross-modal signals postnatally.
  • This transition is driven by consistent experience with cross-modal configurations, enhancing signal salience.
  • The study investigates if overt behaviors exhibit similar developmental maturation and flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if behavioral responses to cross-modal stimuli mature similarly to neural processing.
  • To examine the impact of compromised early sensory experience on multisensory development.
  • To assess the flexibility of multisensory integration based on experienced environmental configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Cats were reared in an environment with omnidirectional sound, limiting specific cross-modal experiences.
  • Animals were exposed to various spatiotemporal configurations of visual and auditory stimuli.
  • Behavioral responses were assessed using a detection/localization task.

Main Results:

  • Cats showed enhanced performance for stimuli consistent with their rearing experience.
  • Spatiotemporally congruent stimuli improved behavior when congruent cross-modal experience was provided.
  • Spatially disparate stimuli improved behavior when disparate cross-modal experience was provided.
  • Responses were not enhanced for cross-modal configurations inconsistent with prior experience.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral responses to multisensory stimuli demonstrate significant developmental flexibility.
  • Cross-modal experience shapes behavioral adaptations, sensitizing circuits to specific environmental features.
  • The brain can implement different, even conflicting, multisensory principles in parallel based on localized experience.