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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis, endemic to Central and South America.
  • Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement, termed neuro-PCM, occurs in a variable percentage of PCM cases, ranging from 9.65% to 27.18%.

Observation:

  • While most neuro-PCM patients exhibit concurrent involvement of other organs, isolated or initial CNS presentation is noted in 21% of cases.
  • This report documents a unique case of CNS PCM in India, representing the first instance of both PCM and neuro-PCM diagnosed in the country.

Findings:

  • The case highlights the potential for Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis to cause CNS disease.
  • The diagnosis of neuro-PCM in India expands the known geographical distribution and clinical presentation of this mycosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering PCM in the differential diagnosis of CNS infections, even outside its traditional endemic regions.
  • Further surveillance and research are warranted to understand the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of PCM in non-endemic areas like India.