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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Public Policy
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Recent legislation has eased access to concealed handgun licenses (CHLs).
  • Limited data exists on CHL applicant demographics and characteristics.
  • Understanding applicant profiles is crucial for policy evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze demographic trends and characteristics of CHL applicants.
  • To identify disparities in CHL application rates and outcomes.
  • To compare CHL applicant patterns across different state legal frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Freedom of Information Act requests to obtain CHL applicant data.
  • Analyzed demographic data from five states: Florida, Indiana, Massachusetts, Texas, and Utah.
  • Compared application rates, demographic characteristics, and denial outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CHL applications are rapidly increasing across the studied states.
  • Significant gender disparities exist, with men applying at much higher rates than women.
  • Racial disparities are evident, with white individuals applying and being approved more frequently than black individuals.
  • Demographic gaps in applications have widened over time in Florida and Utah.
  • Black applicants face significantly higher denial rates compared to white applicants.
  • Massachusetts, a may-issue state, showed similar patterns to shall-issue states in the sample.

Conclusions:

  • CHL acquisition is growing, but access is not equitable.
  • Policy changes have led to increased gun carrying, with notable demographic disparities.
  • Further research is needed to understand the implications of these trends.