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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

44.3K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants
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Olfactory Context Dependent Memory: Direct Presentation of Odorants

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The Olfactory Working Memory Capacity Paradigm.

Lixin Jiang1,2,3, Gengdi Huang4,5, Xin Yu1,2,3

  • 1Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.

Current Protocols
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) paradigm to measure rodent working memory. This protocol details the OWMC task, enabling precise WMC quantification in mice.

Keywords:
miceodorworking memory capacity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Working memory capacity (WMC) is a key cognitive function.
  • Understanding the neurobiology of WMC is a major research focus.
  • A rodent model for WMC is needed for mechanistic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel behavioral paradigm, the olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) task, for rodents.
  • To provide detailed instructions for implementing the OWMC paradigm.
  • To enable accurate quantification of WMC in mice.

Main Methods:

  • The OWMC paradigm involves five phases: context adaptation, digging training, rule-learning for nonmatching to a single sample odor (NMSS), rule-learning for nonmatching to multiple sample odors (NMMS), and capacity testing.
  • Mice are habituated to the environment and trained on odor discrimination tasks.
  • Performance is assessed through WMC tests until stable levels are achieved.

Main Results:

  • The OWMC paradigm effectively trains mice on odor-based working memory tasks.
  • The protocol allows for systematic assessment of WMC in rodents.
  • Stable performance levels indicate successful WMC measurement.

Conclusions:

  • The OWMC paradigm is a validated tool for assessing working memory capacity in rodents.
  • This protocol facilitates standardized WMC research in neuroscience.
  • The OWMC task opens new avenues for studying the neurobiological basis of WMC.