Rodent Model of Masseter Volumetric Muscle Loss for Studying Bioengineering Materials

Area of Science:

• Regenerative Medicine
• Biomaterials Science
• Skeletal Muscle Biology

Background:

• Craniofacial volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries present significant challenges in restoration of function and form.
• Current treatments, such as muscle transfer, often fail to restore normal function, sensation, or expression.
• Limited research exists on skeletal muscle regeneration in craniofacial VML animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a reliable rat model for studying craniofacial VML injuries.
• To develop a protocol for histological evaluation of biomaterials used in treating craniofacial VML.
• To assess the efficacy of a hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogel in a craniofacial VML context.

Main Methods:

• Surgical creation of craniofacial VML in a rat model.
• Application of liquid hydrogel and freeze-dried scaffolds at the time of injury.
• Histological and immunohistochemical analysis (H&E, Masson's Trichrome) at 12 weeks.
• Evaluation of skeletal muscle regeneration, biocompatibility, and immunomodulation.

Main Results:

• The established rat model demonstrated high retention rates and negligible complications.
• Histological analysis provided detailed insights into muscle regeneration and biomaterial integration.
• The hyaluronic-acid-based hydrogel showed potential, paving the way for further material evaluation.

Conclusions:

• The developed rat model is suitable for investigating craniofacial VML injuries and evaluating therapeutic biomaterials.
• This model facilitates the assessment of skeletal muscle regeneration, biocompatibility, and immunomodulatory effects.
• It provides a platform for advancing the development of novel treatments for craniofacial VML.