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Correction: Petropoulou et al. Conversion and Tack-Curing of Light-Cured Veneer Luting Agents. <i>J. Funct. Biomater.</i> 2025, <i>16</i>, 307.

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Surface alterations and compound release from aligner attachments in vitro.

Anna Iliadi1,2, Sevasti-Kiriaki Zervou3, Despina Koletsi4,5

  • 1Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

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Summary

Aligner use alters composite attachment surfaces, causing wear and releasing resin monomers and degradation products in an aqueous environment over one week. This study evaluated material changes and chemical leaching from dental composites.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Dental composite attachments are crucial for clear aligner therapy.
  • Understanding their surface behavior and chemical release in oral conditions is essential for patient safety and treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate surface alterations (morphology, roughness, composition) of conventional and flowable composite attachments used with aligners.
  • To assess the release of resin monomers and their degradation products in an aqueous environment simulating intraoral conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of zirconia frames with conventional (C) and flowable (F) composite attachments and PET-G aligners.
  • Simulated intraoral use: 7-day water immersion with repeated aligner seating and removal.
  • Analysis of attachment surfaces (stereomicroscopy, optical profilometry, ATR-FTIR) and eluent composition (LC-MS/MS, LC-HRMS).

Main Results:

  • Abrasion-induced defects (scratches, fractures) observed on attachment surfaces, more pronounced in flowable composites.
  • Flowable composites showed greater morphological changes and higher debonding rates, with significantly lower roughness (Sc parameter).
  • Significant release of resin monomers and degradation products detected, with concentrations decreasing by Day 7.

Conclusions:

  • Aligner use significantly impacts composite attachment surface integrity and degradation.
  • Composite attachments release monomers and hydrolysates into the aqueous environment during simulated aligner therapy.
  • Material surface characteristics and degradation are influenced by aligner engagement and aqueous exposure.