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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Development of Blood Vessels01:07

Development of Blood Vessels

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
The initial formation of this system is facilitated by the small amount of yolk present in the ovum and yolk sac. Blood vessels originate from...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Generating Self-Assembling Human Heart Organoids Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Human Cardiac Development.

Jill P J M Hikspoors1, Nutmethee Kruepunga2,3, Greet M C Mommen2

  • 1Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. jill.hikspoors@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reconstructs human heart development from 3.5 to 8 weeks using 3D models. It details the formation and septation of cardiac structures, providing a timeline for embryonic heart development.

Keywords:
Cardiac compartmentCardiac loopCardiac septationDevelopmental timingEmbryonic ventricleGrowthStaging

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Embryology
  • Cardiovascular science

Background:

  • Human heart development is a complex process requiring 3D visualization.
  • Previous comprehensive primers lacked detailed 3D reconstructions of early embryonic stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a detailed 3D atlas of human embryonic heart development from 3.5 to 8 weeks.
  • To describe the sequential formation and remodeling of approximately 70 cardiac structures.

Main Methods:

  • Segmentation of histological sections from 12 human embryos (3.5-8 weeks).
  • Creation of interactive, calibrated 3D PDF models for visualization.
  • Incremental description of cardiac structure development and remodeling across Carnegie stages.

Main Results:

  • Detailed timeline of heart tube formation, looping, compartment development, and septation (Carnegie stages 9-20).
  • Major remodeling events in the outflow tract and arterial pole described.
  • Quantitative correlations provided between embryonic age, mouse development, and Carnegie stages.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive 3D resource for understanding early human cardiac morphogenesis.
  • Established a detailed chronological framework for key events in embryonic heart development.
  • Offers insights into variations in developmental timing and interspecies correlations.