Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

42.0K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
42.0K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

26.3K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
26.3K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

9.6K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
9.6K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

23.9K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
23.9K
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

14.3K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
14.3K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.5K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Densities, Viscosities, and Self-Diffusion Coefficients of Sodium Chloride in Mixed Water-Polyethylene Glycol Solvents.

Journal of chemical and engineering data·2026
Same author

Highly sensitive X-ray detectors with polymer-perovskite-embedded flexible teflon membranes.

Materials horizons·2026
Same author

Dislocation-Enhanced Pyroelectricity in Barium Titanate.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Identifying grain boundary and intragranular pinning centres in Sm<sub>2</sub>(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr)<sub>17</sub> permanent magnets to guide performance optimisation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Highly active iron catalysts for olefin hydrogenation enable <i>para</i>-hydrogen induced hyperpolarisation of <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F NMR resonances at 1.4 Tesla.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

The Interplay of Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Ether Alcohols Related to n-Octanol.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

Correction to "Nanoparticles (NPs)-Meditated LncRNA AFAP1-AS1 Silencing to Block Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway for Synergistic Reversal of Radioresistance and Effective Cancer Radiotherapy".

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Femtosecond-Laser Nanocavitation Regenerates SERS-Active Plasmonic Nanogaps for Longitudinal Molecular Sensing at Biointerfaces.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Bioinspired Polyacrylic Acid-Based Dressing: Wet Adhesive, Self-Healing, and Multi-Biofunctional Coacervate Hydrogel Accelerates Wound Healing".

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Non-Line-of-Sight Passive Ammonia Sensor Loaded With MXene/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Composites for Agricultural Products Quality Deterioration Detection.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Cerium Nanoparticle-Mediated Inhibition of the NSUN2/m<sup>5</sup>C Axis Suppresses Synovial Aggression in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Biomimetic Nanoplatform for Dual Target Nano-Metabolic Therapy in Diabetes-Associated Biofilm Infections.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

11.1K

Dislocation Density-Mediated Functionality in Single-Crystal BaTiO3.

Fangping Zhuo1, Xiandong Zhou2, Felix Dietrich3

  • 1Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dislocations in oxide ceramics carry both strain and charge, unlike metals. This study shows how controlling dislocation density in barium titanate crystals can tune their electrical properties, offering new avenues for functional ceramic design.

Keywords:
dislocationsferroelectricsfunctional ceramicsplastic deformation

More Related Videos

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

3.1K
Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals
11:17

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

Published on: February 9, 2017

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain
08:00

Chemical Synthesis of Porous Barium Titanate Thin Film and Thermal Stabilization of Ferroelectric Phase by Porosity-Induced Strain

Published on: March 27, 2018

11.1K
Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

3.1K
Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals
11:17

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

Published on: February 9, 2017

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Ceramics Engineering

Background:

  • Dislocations in metals primarily carry strain, but in oxide ceramics, they possess both strain fields and local charges.
  • Oxide ceramics are crucial in technologies like semiconductors and ferroics, yet controlling their functionality via dislocation density remains a challenge.
  • Existing models like Taylor hardening law, applicable to metals, do not fully capture the behavior of dislocations in functional ceramics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for imprinting specific dislocations and controlling dislocation density in barium titanate (BaTiO3) single crystals.
  • To investigate the relationship between engineered dislocation density and the functional properties of BaTiO3.
  • To provide a mechanistic understanding of how plastic strain engineering influences the electrical properties of bulk ferroelectrics.

Main Methods:

  • High-temperature uniaxial compression was used to introduce dislocations with {100}<100> slip systems into BaTiO3 single crystals.
  • Dislocation density was systematically varied by tenfold.
  • Dielectric permittivity, converse piezoelectric coefficient, and AC conductivity were measured as a function of dislocation density.
  • Phase-field simulations and domain wall potential energy analyses were employed for mechanistic rationalization.

Main Results:

  • A tenfold change in dislocation density was achieved in BaTiO3 single crystals.
  • Dielectric permittivity, converse piezoelectric coefficient, and AC conductivity exhibited a peak at medium dislocation densities.
  • The study established a correlation between dislocation density and key electrical properties.

Conclusions:

  • Plastic strain engineering via controlled dislocation density offers a new method to tune the electrical properties of ferroelectric ceramics.
  • The findings suggest a pathway for advancing dislocation technology in functional ceramics.
  • This work provides a dislocation density-based design strategy for bulk ferroelectrics.