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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model

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Advancing Animal Models of Human Type 1 Diabetes.

David V Serreze¹, Jennifer R Dwyer², Jeremy J Racine²

¹The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA dave.serreze@jax.org.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

|June 17, 2024

Summary

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are crucial for studying type 1 diabetes (T1D) autoimmunity. This review covers their origins, use in T1D research, and efforts to humanize them for better human disease modeling.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Endocrinology
Genetics

Background:

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease requiring robust models for study.
Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are the leading animal model for T1D research.
Understanding T1D pathogenesis is critical for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the developmental origins and historical use of NOD mice in T1D research.
To compare the immunopathogenesis of T1D in NOD mice and humans.
To discuss advancements in humanized NOD mouse models for T1D research.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on NOD mice and T1D.
Comparative analysis of T1D mechanisms in mice and humans.
Examination of strategies for humanizing NOD mouse models.

Main Results:

NOD mice and their derivatives are invaluable for dissecting T1D genetic and immunopathogenic underpinnings.
Similarities and differences exist in T1D development between NOD mice and humans.
Humanized NOD models offer enhanced utility for studying human-specific autoimmune responses in T1D.

Conclusions:

NOD mice remain the gold standard for T1D autoimmune research.
Comparative studies highlight both conserved and divergent aspects of T1D pathogenesis.
Humanized NOD models represent a significant advancement for translational T1D research.