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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

69.5K
The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
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5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

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Kidney failure from kidney stones: an ANZDATA study.

Hicham Cheikh Hassan1,2, David J Tunnicliffe3,4, Lyn Loyd5

  • 1Graduate School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|June 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Kidney stones leading to kidney failure (KF) are uncommon but patients requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT) have better survival on dialysis. Transplant outcomes were similar for KF patients due to kidney stones versus other causes.

Keywords:
ANZDATAdialysiskidney stonesmortalitytransplantation

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5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Kidney stones are a common condition with increasing incidence.
  • The impact of kidney stones on kidney failure (KF) and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is not well understood.
  • This study investigates the incidence and outcomes of KF caused by kidney stones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of kidney failure (KF) due to kidney stones.
  • To compare the outcomes of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) for kidney stones versus other causes.
  • To analyze patient survival and graft survival in kidney transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Adult patients initiating KRT between 1981-2020 from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) registry were studied.
  • Patients with KRT due to kidney stones were compared to those with other causes.
  • Cox regression models analyzed patient survival, dialysis outcomes, and kidney transplant graft survival.

Main Results:

  • 834 patients (1.1%) started KRT due to kidney stones; incidence was stable at 1.17 per million population annually.
  • Patients on dialysis for kidney stones showed higher survival (HR 0.89) compared to non-kidney stone patients.
  • Kidney transplant recipients with kidney stones had longer time to transplant but similar mortality and graft loss rates.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of kidney failure due to kidney stones remained stable over the study period.
  • Patients with kidney stones requiring kidney replacement therapy experienced better survival on dialysis.
  • Kidney transplant outcomes were comparable between kidney stone and non-kidney stone groups.