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Mannitol.

A R Nissenson, R E Weston, C R Kleeman

The Western Journal of Medicine

|October 1, 1979

Summary

Mannitol offers clinical benefits as a diuretic for edema and intoxication, and as an extracellular solute to manage brain swelling and prevent cell damage. Further research could explore its use in dialysis and to limit heart attack damage.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Pharmacology
Critical Care Medicine

Background:

Mannitol is recognized for its dual roles as a diuretic and an obligate extracellular solute.
Its established clinical applications address various medical conditions requiring fluid management and solute balance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the established and potential clinical applications of mannitol.
To highlight mannitol's utility in managing edema, intoxication, and conditions involving cellular swelling.
To explore novel therapeutic uses for mannitol in renal and cardiovascular medicine.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing clinical data on mannitol.
Analysis of mannitol's pharmacological properties as an osmotic agent and diuretic.
Identification of unexplored or underutilized therapeutic indications.

Main Results:

Mannitol effectively treats intractable edema, acute tubular necrosis, and specific intoxications.
It ameliorates dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, reduces cerebral edema, and prevents renal ischemia-related cell swelling.
Potential applications include use in peritoneal dialysis, maintaining urine output in hemodialysis patients, and limiting myocardial infarction size.

Conclusions:

Mannitol is a versatile therapeutic agent with well-defined roles in managing fluid balance and osmotic stress.
Its established efficacy supports its use in critical care and nephrology.
Further investigation into novel applications may expand mannitol's clinical impact.

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