Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Deep Neuromuscular Blockade Leads to a Larger Intraabdominal Volume During Laparoscopy
08:50

Deep Neuromuscular Blockade Leads to a Larger Intraabdominal Volume During Laparoscopy

Published on: June 25, 2013

13.2K

Methods of prolonging the effect of caudal block in children

Weiyi Xu1, Haixu Wei1, Tao Zhang1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|June 18, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Extending postoperative pain relief in children undergoing caudal epidural blockade requires careful consideration of anesthetic type, dose, and timing. Adjuvants like opioids can significantly improve the duration and quality of pediatric analgesia.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Caudal epidural blockade is a common regional anesthesia technique in pediatric patients for sub-umbilical surgeries.
  • It is frequently used to supplement general anesthesia and provide postoperative analgesia.
  • Current limitations include occasionally unsatisfactory durations of analgesic effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare techniques for prolonging postoperative analgesia after single-injection caudal blockade in children.
  • To identify factors influencing the quality and duration of caudal analgesia in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science databases.
  • Keywords included "caudal", "analgesia", "pediatric", and "children".

Main Results:

  • The type and dose of local anesthetic are critical factors affecting analgesic quality.
  • The timing of the caudal block relative to surgery plays a significant role.
  • Caudal catheterization and the use of epidural opioids or other adjuvant drugs can enhance analgesia.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing caudal epidural blockade for pediatric postoperative analgesia involves a multimodal approach.
  • Careful selection of local anesthetics, appropriate timing, and consideration of adjuvants are key to achieving prolonged pain relief.

Keywords:
analgesiaanesthesiacaudalchildepidural

More Related Videos

A Modified Method for Intrathecal Catheterization in Rats11:15

A Modified Method for Intrathecal Catheterization in Rats

Published on: February 14, 2025

1.4K
Disruption of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model09:03

Disruption of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model

Published on: March 10, 2023

2.0K

Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
614
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
428
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
1.0K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
391
Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
318
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
754