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Daylight Saving Time Transitions and Risk of Heart Attack.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Daylight saving time (DST) transitions are linked to potential health risks.
  • Disrupted circadian rhythms and sleep deprivation following DST changes may elevate the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  • This study expands upon the only existing meta-analysis concerning AMI risk and DST.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the frequency of AMI in the weeks following DST transitions.
  • To assess the association between DST changes and the risk of acute myocardial infarction.
  • To identify potential heterogeneity and areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis including meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses.
  • Literature search across eight databases up to September 2023, with author contact for additional data.
  • Study quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Main Results:

  • Twelve studies from ten countries were included; nine were of adequate quality, three of good quality.
  • A pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.04 for AMI was observed after DST onset (spring), with moderate heterogeneity.
  • A pooled RR of 1.02 was found after DST offset (autumn), with moderate heterogeneity.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests a potential increased risk of AMI following the spring DST transition.
  • Moderate to marked heterogeneity exists among studies supporting the spring transition risk.
  • Further research employing methods like discontinuity regression and placebo tests is recommended for clearer associations.