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Infection01:20

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies
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Intracellular Pathogens: Infection, Immunity, and Intervention.

Anna Martens-Koop1, Aneesh Thakur2

  • 1Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
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Summary

Intracellular pathogens infect host cells, evading immune responses and causing difficult-to-treat diseases. This overview covers pathogen types, infections, immune reactions, and control strategies.

Keywords:
Chlamydia trachomatisCryptococcus neoformansImmunityInfectionInfluenza virusInterventionIntracellular pathogensMycobacterium tuberculosisPlasmodium malariaeRabies virus

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Intracellular pathogens reside within host cells for survival and replication.
  • This intracellular niche provides protection from host immune responses and therapeutic interventions.
  • Pathogens exhibit diverse invasion strategies and host cell tropisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of selected intracellular pathogens.
  • To describe the infections caused by these pathogens.
  • To summarize the immune responses and intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of intracellular pathogens.
  • Analysis of pathogen invasion mechanisms.
  • Summary of host-pathogen interactions and immune evasion.

Main Results:

  • Intracellular pathogens utilize varied routes to enter host cells.
  • Specific examples include Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rabies virus with distinct cellular targets.
  • Successful invasion leads to disease, necessitating targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding intracellular pathogen strategies is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Diverse immune responses are elicited, requiring tailored intervention approaches.
  • Control strategies must address the unique challenges posed by intracellular infections.