Infantile cortical hyperostosis with intramedullary lesions

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Radiology
• Skeletal Dysplasias
• Histopathology

Background:

• Infantile cortical hyperostosis (ICH), also known as Caffey disease, is a rare disorder.
• Typically characterized by subperiosteal bone thickening, primarily affecting infants.

Observation:

• This case report details an infant with typical ICH clinical, radiological, and histological features.
• Additionally, unique, well-circumscribed intramedullary lytic lesions were observed in the proximal tibial metaphyses.

Findings:

• The intramedullary lytic lesions, not previously described in ICH literature, showed complete resolution within three months.
• This spontaneous resolution suggests these lesions are a potential, transient radiological manifestation of ICH.

Implications:

• The findings expand the known radiological spectrum of infantile cortical hyperostosis.
• Observation may be a sufficient management strategy for these newly identified intramedullary lesions in ICH.