Adenosine in Interventional Cardiology: Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Effects in Coronary Artery Disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Pharmacology
• Diagnostic Medicine

Background:

• Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside, is integral to cardiovascular function.
• It influences vasomotor tone, blood pressure, heart rate, and platelet aggregation via specific receptors.
• Adenosine's role extends to both physiological processes and pathological conditions in the cardiovascular system.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifaceted role of adenosine in coronary artery disease (CAD).
• To explore adenosine's diagnostic applications and therapeutic potential in managing cardiovascular conditions.
• To elucidate adenosine's involvement in antiplatelet therapy side effects and its clinical significance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies on adenosine in cardiovascular medicine.
• Analysis of adenosine's physiological and pathological mechanisms.
• Evaluation of adenosine's current and potential clinical applications in CAD diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

• Adenosine exhibits therapeutic effects, including managing the no-reflow phenomenon and supraventricular tachycardia.
• Its metabolism is rapid, characterized by a short half-life and high physiological turnover.
• Adenosine is implicated in side effects of antiplatelet agents like ticagrelor and cangrelor.
• Adenosine is a crucial tool in CAD diagnosis, particularly in stress testing and intracoronary assessments for stenosis and microvascular dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• A comprehensive understanding of adenosine's mechanisms is essential for optimizing CAD management.
• Adenosine's dual role in diagnosis and therapy offers significant potential for improving patient outcomes.
• Further research into adenosine's clinical implications can refine treatment strategies for cardiovascular diseases.