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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

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Detecting Somatic Genetic Alterations in Tumor Specimens by Exon Capture and Massively Parallel Sequencing

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Genetic Alterations of SMYD4 in Solid Tumors Using Integrative Multi-Platform Analysis.

Brunna Letícia Olivera Santana¹, Mariana Braccialli de Loyola¹, Ana Cristina Moura Gualberto¹

¹Laboratory of Molecular Pathology of Cancer, Faculty of Healthy Sciences, University of Brasília, Federal District, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|June 19, 2024

Summary

The SMYD4 gene, involved in cancer, is frequently downregulated across solid tumors. Low SMYD4 expression correlates with poorer survival in stomach and lung cancers, suggesting its tumor suppressor role and potential as a biomarker.

Keywords:

SMYD family SMYD4 epigenetics in silico analysis protein methyltransferase solid tumors

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Published on: September 15, 2023

Area of Science:

Oncology
Molecular Biology
Cancer Genomics

Background:

SMYD4, a member of the SMYD family, possesses lysine methyltransferase activity.
The specific roles of SMYD4 in cancer development and progression remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate genetic alterations in the SMYD4 gene across prevalent solid tumors.
To evaluate the potential of SMYD4 as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker in cancer.

Main Methods:

Integrative analysis of mutations, copy number alterations (CNAs), and mRNA expression of SMYD family genes.
Utilized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), cBioPortal, and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC).

Main Results:

SMYD4 mutations were infrequent and lacked biomarker potential.
Consistent heterozygous loss and downregulation of SMYD4 were observed across most evaluated tumors.
Low SMYD4 expression correlated with significantly poorer overall survival in stomach (STAD) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Conclusions:

SMYD4 functions as a tumor suppressor in the majority of analyzed cancers.
The consistent downregulation and association with poorer survival highlight SMYD4's potential as a valuable cancer biomarker.