Immune Response to Respiratory Viral Infections.

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Virology
• Public Health

Background:

• The respiratory system is vulnerable to viral infections causing significant disease.
• Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, and SARS-CoV-2 are major causes of respiratory illness and mortality.
• The COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for continued research into viral respiratory pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review human innate and adaptive immune responses in airways following infection with RSV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.
• To focus on the immune response in vulnerable populations: newborns and pregnant women.
• To emphasize the importance of understanding viral infection mechanisms for future defense strategies.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review.
• It synthesizes existing literature on immune responses to specific respiratory viruses.
• The review specifically examines data pertaining to newborns and pregnant women.

Main Results:

• Innate and adaptive immune responses in the airways are critical in combating RSV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 infections.
• Newborns and pregnant women represent distinct immunological contexts for these viral infections.
• Knowledge gaps exist regarding specific immune mechanisms in these populations.

Conclusions:

• Continued research into the immune response to respiratory viruses like RSV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 is essential.
• A deeper understanding of infection mechanisms, especially in vulnerable groups, is needed to enhance future prevention and treatment strategies.
• The findings highlight the ongoing public health importance of addressing viral respiratory diseases.