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Exploring the Interplay between Asthma and Hemoglobinopathies: A Comprehensive Review.
Cristiana Indolfi1, Giulio Dinardo1, Carolina Grella1
1Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
|June 19, 2024
Summary
Asthma is more common in patients with hemoglobin disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). This link, driven by inflammation and immune issues, impacts respiratory health and requires coordinated care.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Pulmonology
- Immunology
Background:
- Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease.
- Hemoglobinopathies, including thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD), are genetic blood disorders.
- A higher prevalence of asthma is observed in patients with thalassemia and SCD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the relationship between asthma and hemoglobinopathies, specifically thalassemia and SCD.
- To highlight the clinical implications of asthma coexisting with SCD.
- To explore potential underlying mechanisms linking these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing scientific literature.
- Analysis of prevalence data for asthma in thalassemia and SCD populations.
- Examination of cytokine profiles and inflammatory markers.
Main Results:
- Asthma affects approximately 30% of thalassemia patients and 20-48% of SCD patients.
- SCD patients with asthma show increased airway obstruction and hyper-reactivity.
- Altered cytokine levels (decreased IFN-γ, IL-10; increased IL-6, IL-8) suggest pro-inflammatory states.
Conclusions:
- Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation may link hemoglobinopathies and asthma.
- Asthma exacerbates SCD complications, increasing risks of severe outcomes.
- Interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for managing patients with both conditions.
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