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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence

Published on: December 23, 2022

Every Patent Foramen Ovale Should Be Closed.

Bernhard Meier¹

¹Department of Cardiology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|June 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is a simple, high-yield cardiac intervention. It serves as a "mechanical vaccination" for primary prevention against serious health risks like stroke and embolism.

Keywords:

angina pectoris atrial septal defect collateral benefit device closure left atrial appendage mechanical vaccination migraine myocardial infarction paradoxical embolism patent foramen ovale peripheral embolism primary prevention stroke transient ischemic attack

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Preventive Medicine

Background:

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) affects roughly 25% of the population, posing significant health risks.
Dangerous PFO forms in about 5% of individuals warrant screening due to high risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and embolism.
Despite its prevalence and risks, PFO often lacks adequate medical attention and screening.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the underappreciated threat of PFO and advocate for its screening and treatment.
To emphasize the benefits of PFO closure as a primary preventive measure against life-threatening clinical events.
To present PFO closure as a simple, high-yield cardiac intervention with significant preventive value.

Main Methods:

Review of existing medical literature and case reports concerning PFO.
Analysis of the prevalence and clinical significance of PFO.
Evaluation of PFO closure as a preventive strategy.

Main Results:

PFO closure is identified as a straightforward cardiac procedure with substantial clinical benefits.
PFO closure acts as a 'mechanical vaccination' against paradoxical embolism.
Closure provides collateral benefits for conditions like migraine and exercise dyspnea, improving quality of life.

Conclusions:

PFO closure should be considered for primary prevention due to its high clinical yield and simplicity.
The procedure offers lifelong protection against paradoxical embolism.
PFO closure effectively treats associated conditions, enhancing overall patient well-being.