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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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The uterus, commonly called the womb, is a vital reproductive organ in females designed to provide a nurturing environment for the implantation and growth of an embryo. It is shaped like a hollow pear and positioned between the urinary bladder and the rectum. The uterus's structure allows it to support and protect a developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
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Struma Ovarii during Pregnancy.

Gabriela Dumachița-Șargu1,2, Răzvan Socolov2,3, Teodora Ana Balan1

  • 1Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Struma ovarii, a rare ovarian teratoma with thyroid tissue, presents diagnostic and management challenges during pregnancy. Pregnancy hormones may accelerate malignant struma ovarii growth, necessitating careful monitoring and intervention.

Keywords:
pregnancystruma ovariithyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Struma ovarii is a rare ovarian teratoma comprising over 50% thyroid tissue, occurring in 2-5% of teratomas.
  • Malignant transformation occurs in 0.5% to 10% of struma ovarii cases.
  • Pregnancy-associated hormonal surges (estrogen, progesterone, hCG) can potentially stimulate malignant struma ovarii growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic modalities for struma ovarii during pregnancy.
  • To outline current management and therapeutic strategies for struma ovarii in pregnant patients.
  • To highlight the challenges posed by hormonal influences on malignant struma ovarii during gestation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on struma ovarii diagnosis and management in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of case reports and series detailing pregnant patients with struma ovarii.
  • Synthesis of information on hormonal effects and tumor behavior during gestation.

Main Results:

  • Struma ovarii is often incidentally detected via ultrasonography in early pregnancy or during cesarean sections.
  • Diagnosis during pregnancy is infrequent, with presentation often as an acute emergency.
  • Hormonal milieu of pregnancy may influence the growth dynamics of malignant struma ovarii.

Conclusions:

  • Early and accurate diagnosis of struma ovarii in pregnancy is crucial for optimal outcomes.
  • Multidisciplinary management involving gynecologists, oncologists, and endocrinologists is essential.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of pregnancy hormones on malignant struma ovarii progression.