Functionalised Fibres as a Coupling Reinforcement Agent in Recycled Polymer Composites

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Science
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Recycled plastics like polypropylene (PP-r) present challenges in achieving desired material properties.
• Wood fibers (WF) offer a sustainable filler but require surface modification for better polymer matrix compatibility.
• Nanocellulose (nC) functionalization of wood fibers can enhance interfacial adhesion and overall composite performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the structure-property relationships of nanocellulose-functionalized wood fiber-recycled polypropylene composites (nW-PPr).
• To explore the impact of nC functionalization on the thermal, crystalline, morphological, and mechanical properties of PP-r composites.
• To assess the potential of these composites for environmentally friendly applications, particularly in packaging.

Main Methods:

• A two-step process involving nC functionalization of WF followed by extrusion into PP-r composites.
• Comprehensive material characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), DSC, TGA, SEM, ATR-FTIR, zeta potential, and DMA.
• Systematic analysis of interfacial adhesion, crystallization behavior, surface properties, and mechanical performance.

Main Results:

• Improved interfacial adhesion and compatibility between nW and PP-r due to H-bond formation.
• nC acted as a nucleating agent, increasing crystallinity at low concentrations (1.0 wt%) and promoting interfacial interaction at higher concentrations (3.0-9.0 wt%).
• Enhanced mechanical properties, including a higher storage modulus, attributed to improved crystallinity, morphology, and adhesion.

Conclusions:

• Nanocellulose functionalization of wood fibers significantly enhances the properties of recycled polypropylene composites.
• The developed nW-PPr composites demonstrate improved performance and biodegradability, offering a sustainable alternative for packaging.
• This research provides insights into developing advanced, eco-friendly materials from recycled resources.