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Two-Layered Multi-Factor Authentication Using Decentralized Blockchain in an IoT Environment.

Saeed Bamashmos1, Naveen Chilamkurti1, Ahmad Salehi Shahraki1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a two-layered multi-factor authentication (2L-MFA) framework using blockchain to secure Internet of Things (IoT) devices and users. The novel system enhances authentication efficiency and robustness for smart infrastructure.

Keywords:
IoTPUFbiometricblockchaindigital signaturesmulti-factor authentication

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cybersecurity
  • Network Security

Background:

  • Internet of Things (IoT) technology is rapidly expanding, integrating into smart infrastructure and diverse applications.
  • Traditional authentication methods for IoT are insufficient due to wireless transmission vulnerabilities and the resource-constrained nature of IoT devices.
  • Lightweight yet robust security solutions are crucial for protecting IoT ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, two-layered multi-factor authentication (2L-MFA) framework leveraging blockchain technology.
  • To enhance the security and authentication processes for both IoT devices and users.
  • To address the limitations of existing authentication methods in resource-constrained IoT environments.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-layered multi-factor authentication (2L-MFA) framework utilizing blockchain.
  • Implemented device-level authentication using secret keys, geographical location, and physically unclonable functions (PUF), supported by Proof-of-Authentication (PoAh) and Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman.
  • Designed a four-level user-level authentication incorporating matrix-based passwords, Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA), and biometric factors (iris, finger vein).
  • Integrated fuzzy logic for robust authentication validation.

Main Results:

  • The 2L-MFA framework significantly enhances security for IoT devices and users.
  • Authentication processes were optimized, reducing registration time by up to 25%, login time by 50%, and authentication time by 25%.
  • The system facilitates quicker cloud access post-authentication, improving overall operational efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 2L-MFA framework offers a robust and efficient solution for securing Internet of Things environments.
  • Blockchain integration, combined with multi-factor authentication and fuzzy logic, provides a strong defense against evolving cyber threats.
  • The framework's performance improvements demonstrate its viability for practical implementation in smart infrastructure and IoT applications.