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Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
Published on: August 22, 2022
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Exploring Prevalence Trends of Jaw Bone Pathologies: A Three-Year Institutional Study
Neha Kannan1, Karthikeyan Ramalingam1, Pratibha Ramani1
1Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND.
Cureus
|June 19, 2024
Summary
This study analyzed 242 head and neck bone pathologies from 2021-2023, finding a decrease in infectious lesions but consistent rates of bone-invading malignancies. Continuous monitoring is vital for understanding evolving bone pathology trends.
Area of Science:
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
- Oncology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Head and neck bone pathologies encompass diverse conditions, including infections (osteomyelitis, dental abscesses) and tumors (benign and malignant).
- Limited studies on local prevalence obscure regional health dynamics of these bone pathologies.
- Accurate diagnosis and treatment of bone pathologies are challenging due to their varied origins and presentations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence of histopathologically confirmed bone pathologies from 2021 to 2023.
- To categorize bone pathologies into infectious, fibro-osseous, malignant, and miscellaneous groups.
- To analyze temporal trends in the occurrence of different bone pathology types.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 242 histopathologically confirmed bone pathology cases from Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (2021-2023).
- Data sourced from the institutional database (DIAS: Dental Information Archiving Software).
- Cases categorized into infectious/inflammatory, fibro-osseous, malignancies (originating/invading bone), and miscellaneous groups; analyzed using Google Sheets and graphical representations.
Main Results:
- A total of 242 (9.21%) bone-related pathologies were identified out of 2626 biopsy records.
- Prevalence decreased annually: 43.8% in 2021, 30.3% in 2022, and 25.9% in 2023.
- Infectious/inflammatory lesions (40.5%) and bone-invading malignancies (38%) were most common; infectious lesions showed a sharp decline post-2021, while bone-invading malignancies remained stable.
Conclusions:
- Bone pathology prevalence, particularly in jaw bones, exhibits unpredictable variations.
- A significant decrease in infectious and inflammatory bone lesions was observed over the study period.
- Continuous surveillance and analysis are crucial for understanding and managing evolving patterns in bone pathologies.
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