Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

2.8K
Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
2.8K
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

816
In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
816
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

19.5K
In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
19.5K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

12.9K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
12.9K
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

10.3K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
10.3K
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides02:48

Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides

7.1K
This lesson delves into the conversion of alcohols to corresponding alkyl halides and the mechanism of action for different reagents. Typically, the hydroxyl group is first protonated to convert it to a stable leaving group. Consequently, based on the starting alcohol, the mechanism undergoes either of the nucleophilic substitution routes, SN1 or SN2. Tertiary alkyl halides are made using the two-step SN1 mechanism that occurs via a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by...
7.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Facial gender-affirming surgery: a state-of-the-art overview based on 18 years of specialised practice.

The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery·2026
Same author

Racial and geographic differences of opioid overdose deaths involving additional drugs of abuse: analysis of US mortality database.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Characterization of blood serum and cell lines by an automated high-throughput well plate sampling system using laser ablation-rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Breath-based Propofol Pharmacometabolomics: Comment.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Mechanisms associated with temozolomide resistance in U87MG cell line: <i>in silico</i> and <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> approaches.

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A·2026
Same author

Site-Specific Blockade of LPA-TRPV1 Interaction at K710 Residue Influences on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Ex Vivo Mouse Hearts.

Anesthesia and analgesia·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.0K

The Alcohol Flush Response.

Isabel Moh1, Daniel Simon2, Eric R Gross2

  • 1University of Nevada, Reno, NV USA.

Graphic Medicine Review
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The common ALDH2*2 gene variant causes alcohol flushing, leading to increased cancer risk with alcohol or tobacco use. This reaction affects millions globally, particularly those of East Asian descent.

More Related Videos

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

9.8K
Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

93.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2025

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
05:40

The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

Published on: April 28, 2022

3.0K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

9.8K
Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

93.2K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The alcohol flush reaction, characterized by facial flushing and increased heart rate post-alcohol consumption, affects approximately 540 million people worldwide.
  • This physiological response is primarily linked to a specific genetic variant in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzyme, known as ALDH2*2.
  • The ALDH2*2 variant is most prevalent in East Asian populations, representing a significant portion of the global population carrying this genetic trait.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the genetic basis of the alcohol flush response.
  • To highlight the health implications, specifically the increased cancer risk, associated with the ALDH2*2 genetic variant.
  • To inform individuals carrying the ALDH2*2 variant about the risks of concurrent alcohol and tobacco consumption.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on explaining the genetic variant ALDH2*2 and its role in alcohol metabolism.
  • It reviews existing literature on the prevalence and health consequences of the alcohol flush response.
  • The content utilizes a comic format to simplify complex genetic and health information.

Main Results:

  • The ALDH2*2 genetic variant impairs alcohol metabolism, leading to the characteristic alcohol flush reaction.
  • Individuals with the ALDH2*2 variant exhibit a significantly increased risk of certain cancers, particularly when engaging in frequent alcohol or tobacco use.
  • The prevalence of this genetic variant makes it a critical factor in public health considerations for affected populations.

Conclusions:

  • The ALDH2*2 genetic variant is a key determinant of the alcohol flush response and confers an elevated cancer risk.
  • Awareness of the ALDH2*2 variant and its associated health risks is crucial for individuals of East Asian descent.
  • Reducing alcohol and tobacco consumption is strongly recommended for ALDH2*2 carriers to mitigate cancer risk.