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Related Concept Videos

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Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

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A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
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Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
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Ribosome-Associated Vesicles promote activity-dependent local translation.

Eva Martin-Solana1, Stephen D Carter2, Eric K F Donahue3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered Ribosome-Associated Vesicles (RAVs) that transport ribosomes to neuronal processes. Activity stimulates RAVs, driving local protein synthesis essential for synaptic plasticity.

Keywords:
Cell TraffickingElectron MicroscopyEndoplasmic ReticulumLocal TranslationNeuronsPlasticityRibosome-Associated VesiclesRibosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Local protein synthesis in axons and dendrites is crucial for synaptic plasticity.
  • The mechanisms governing the transport and activity-dependent deployment of the protein synthesis machinery to distal neuronal sites are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the components of the protein synthesis machinery in distal neuronal processes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms for activity-driven deployment of ribosomes to local translation sites.

Main Methods:

  • Cryo-electron tomography
  • Volume electron microscopy
  • Live-cell imaging
  • In vivo studies

Main Results:

  • Ribosome-Associated Vesicles (RAVs) were identified as a dynamic platform for ribosome transport to distal neuronal processes.
  • Chemically-induced long-term potentiation stimulation led to RAV accumulation at distal sites, promoting local translation.
  • Activity-dependent changes in RAV generation and dynamics were observed in vivo, with tubular ER shaping proteins implicated in RAV biogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • A novel mechanism for ribosomal delivery to distal neuronal sites via RAVs has been identified.
  • This mechanism promotes activity-dependent local translation, crucial for synaptic plasticity.
  • The findings shed light on the regulation of local protein synthesis in neurons.