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Updated: Jun 23, 2025

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Modeling and Control of an MR-Safe Pneumatic Radial Inflow Motor and Encoder (PRIME)
Anthony L Gunderman1, Milad Azizkhani1, Saikat Sengupta2
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA.
Abstract:
Magnetic resonance (MR) conditional actuators and encoders are the key components for MR-guided robotic systems. In this article, we present the modeling and control of our MR-safe pneumatic radial inflow motor and encoder. A comprehensive model is developed that considers the primary dynamic elements of the system, including: 1) motor dynamics, 2) pneumatic transmission line dynamics, and 3) valve dynamics. After model validation, we present a simplified third order model that facilitates design of a first order sliding mode controller (TO-SMC). Finally, the motor hardware is tested in a 7T MRI. No image distortion or artifacts were observed. We posit the MR-safe motor and dynamic model will lower the entry barriers for researchers interested in MR-guided robots and promote wider adoption of MR-guided robotic systems.
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