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Van der Waals Interactions

Van der Waals Interactions

Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

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Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.

Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor

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To calculate the inductance of a solid cylindrical conductor, consider a 1-meter section of a non-magnetic, current-carrying conductor with radius r. Disregarding end effects and assuming uniform current density, Ampere's law helps determine the magnetic field inside the conductor. This law states that the magnetic field intensity H is concentric and constant within the conductor.
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Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

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Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving

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A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors

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Published on: January 16, 2020

Dispersion interaction between thin conducting cylinders.

Subhojit Pal^1,2, Iver Brevik³, Mathias Boström^1,2

¹Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o., Wolczynska Str. 133, 01-919, Warsaw, Poland. subhojit.pal@ensemble3.eu.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|June 19, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores dipole-dipole interactions in conducting molecules, finding longer ranges than previously known. Calculations predict an unusual slow decay rate for energy transfer between these molecules.

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Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Quantum chemistry
Molecular interactions

Background:

Dipole-dipole interactions are crucial in molecular systems.
Previous studies focused on point-like, non-conducting molecules.
Understanding interactions in elongated, conducting molecules is less developed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ground and excited state resonance dipole-dipole interactions in elongated conducting molecules.
To extend existing theories to excited states.
To predict the energy transfer rate between conducting molecules.

Main Methods:

Theoretical exploration of dipole-dipole interactions.
Analysis of interaction energy dependence on separation (R).
Extension of existing formalisms to excited states.

Main Results:

Ground state interactions in conducting molecules have a longer range than in point-like systems.
Interaction energy follows f(R)/R^2 in the long-range limit for both resonance and van der Waals cases.
f(R) exhibits logarithmic or constant dependencies on R under specific conditions.

Conclusions:

The theory of dipole-dipole interactions can be extended to excited states of conducting molecules.
A characteristic long-range interaction energy dependence of f(R)/R^2 is observed.
An unusual slow decay rate for energy transfer between conducting molecules is predicted.