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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Acute Liver Failure.

Chukwunonso Ezeani1, Ogochukwu Ugochukwu2, Adejoke Johnson3

  • 1Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and ipilimumab can cause severe liver injury. This case report details acute liver failure in a patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma after combination immunotherapy.

Keywords:
acute liver failureimmune checkpoint inhibitoripilimumabnivolumab

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are crucial in cancer therapy.
  • Adverse events, particularly gastrointestinal, are a growing concern with ICIs.
  • Nivolumab and ipilimumab are commonly used ICIs.

Observation:

  • A patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma received combined immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab.
  • The patient developed acute liver failure after the first dose.
  • Exclusion of viral, metabolic, and autoimmune etiologies was performed.

Findings:

  • The patient's acute liver failure was attributed to the combination immunotherapy.
  • Steroid treatment led to significant clinical improvement.
  • This represents the first reported instance of acute liver failure from this specific ICI combination.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential for severe hepatotoxicity with dual ICI therapy.
  • Emphasizes the need for vigilant monitoring of liver function in patients receiving ICIs.
  • Suggests prompt immunosuppressive therapy for ICI-induced liver injury.