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Post-translational Regulation of BRI1-EMS Suppressor 1 and Brassinazole-Resistant 1
Juan Mao1, Biaodi Shen1, Wenxin Li1
1State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wusan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Abstract:
Brassinosteroid-insensitive 1 (BRI1)-EMS suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) are two highly similar master transcription factors of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway that regulates a variety of plant growth and development processes as well as stress responses. Previous genetic and biochemical analyses have established a complex regulatory network to control the two transcription factors. This network includes coordination with other transcription factors and interactors, multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs) and differential subcellular localizations. In this review, we systematically detail the functions and regulatory mechanisms of various PTMs: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, ubiquitination/deubiquitination, SUMOylation/deSUMOylation and oxidation/reduction, in regulating the subcellular localization, protein stability and the transcriptional activity of BES1/BZR1. We also discuss the current knowledge about the BES1/BZR1 interactors mediating the dynamic nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BES1 and BZR1.
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