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Factors associated with furcation involvement and fixed prostheses: A cross-sectional study.

Khushboo Kalani¹, Khoa Hoang¹, Nivedita Chinam¹

¹Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA.

Clinical Oral Investigations

|June 19, 2024

Summary

Fixed prostheses significantly impact furcation involvement (FI), especially in periodontitis patients. Understanding factors like probing depth and buccal site is crucial for effective treatment planning and improved periodontal therapy outcomes.

Keywords:

Attachment loss Periodontitis Risk factor assessment Tooth loss Validation study

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Area of Science:

Periodontology
Dental Prosthetics
Radiology

Background:

Furcation involvement (FI) is a complex periodontal issue affecting tooth prognosis.
Fixed prostheses (FP) may influence the progression or presentation of FI.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers detailed insights into dental anatomy and pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between horizontal and vertical furcation involvement (FI) and the presence of single-unit fixed prostheses (FP).
To identify patient- and tooth-level factors associated with FI.
To develop a predictive model for furcation involvement.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 79 adult patients (200 teeth) requiring CBCT analysis were categorized based on FP presence.
Analysis included patient factors (smoking, diabetes, periodontal severity) and tooth factors (root trunk length, probing depth, bone levels).
A predictive model for FI was developed using logistic regression.

Main Results:

Fixed prostheses showed a strong association with FI (OR=12.8, p<0.001).
Periodontitis (OR=10.9, p=0.006), buccal furcation site (OR=5.70, p<0.001), and probing depth (OR=1.90, p=0.027) were significant predictors of FI.
FP placement increased interproximal bone distance (IPBD) by 1.08 mm (p<0.001).
The predictive model achieved 92.9% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity for FI.

Conclusions:

Fixed prostheses significantly influence furcation involvement, particularly in patients with periodontitis.
Periodontitis stage, probing depth, and the buccal furcation site are key contributors to FI.
The high sensitivity of the predictive model underscores the importance of these factors in treatment planning and periodontal therapy.