Biocompatible Perovskite Nanocrystals with Enhanced Stability for White Light-Emitting Diodes

Recently emerged lead halide perovskite CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, and I) nanocrystals (PNCs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their excellent optical properties. However, the poor water stability, unsatisfactory luminescence efficiency, disappointing lead leakage, and toxicity have restricted their practical applications in photoelectronics and biomedical fields. Herein, a controllable encapsulated strategy is investigated to realize CsPbX₃ PNCs/PVP @PMMA composites with superior luminescence properties and excellent biocompatibility. Additionally, the synthesized CsPbBr₃ and CsPbBr_0.6I_2.4 PNCs/PVP@PMMA structures exhibit green and red emissions with a maximal photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of about 70.24% and 98.26%, respectively. These CsPbX₃ PNCs/PVP@PMMA structures show high emission efficiency, excellent stability after water storage for 18 months, and low cytotoxicity at the PNC concentration at 500 μg mL^-1. Moreover, white light-emitting diode (WLED) devices based on mixtures of CsPbBr₃ and CsPbBr_0.6I_2.4 PNCs/PVP@PMMA perovskite structures are investigated, which exhibit excellent warm-white light emissions at room temperature. A flexible manipulation method is used to fabricate the white light emitters based on these perovskite composites, providing a fantastic platform for fabricating solid-state white light sources and full-color displays.