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Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding
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Pain modulation by oxytocin.

Makoto Kawasaki1, Akinori Sakai2, Yoichi Ueta3

  • 1Center for Joint Arthroplasty, Hospital of University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan.

Peptides
|June 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxytocin (OXT) plays a role in pain inhibition. This study details OXT's pain-suppressive effects via the descending pain pathway.

Keywords:
analgesic effecthypothalamus-pituitary axishypothalamus-spinal cord pathwayoxytocinpain modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Oxytocin (OXT), discovered in 1906, is known for its roles in pregnancy and childbirth, influencing uterine contractions and lactation.
  • Beyond reproductive functions, OXT exhibits analgesic properties.
  • The body possesses ascending pain pathways and descending pain-inhibitory pathways; OXT is implicated in the latter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the pain-suppressive effects of Oxytocin (OXT).
  • To elucidate OXT's role within the descending pain-inhibitory pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Oxytocin's physiological effects.
  • Analysis of OXT's involvement in pain modulation pathways.

Main Results:

  • Oxytocin (OXT) is involved in the descending pain-inhibitory pathway.
  • OXT is generally understood to exert analgesic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Oxytocin (OXT) demonstrates pain-suppressive capabilities.
  • Further understanding of OXT's analgesic mechanisms is warranted.