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The dual role of SUSD2 in cancer development
Han Bai1, Ningyi Xian2, Fengyu Zhao3
1The MED-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Building 21, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an, 710000, China.
Abstract:
Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2, also known as the complement control protein domain) is a representative and vital protein in the SUSD protein family involved in many physiological and pathological processes beyond complement regulation. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The complex role of SUSD2 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has raised increasing concerns. Studies suggest that SUSD2 has different regulatory tendencies among different tumors and exerts its biological effects in a cancer type-specific manner; for instance, it has oncogenic effects on breast cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma and has tumor-suppression effects on lung cancer, bladder cancer, and colon cancer. Moreover, SUSD2 can be regulated by noncoding RNAs, its promoter methylation and other molecules, such as Galectin-1 (Gal-1), tropomyosin alpha-4 chain (TPM4), and p63. The therapeutic implications of targeting SUSD2 have already been preliminarily revealed in some malignancies, including melanoma, colon cancer, and breast cancer. This article reviews the role and regulatory mechanisms of SUSD2 in cancer development, as well as its structure and distribution. We hope that this review will advance the understanding of SUSD2 as a diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker and provide new avenues for the development of novel cancer therapies.
Insights
Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2) plays a dual role in cancer, acting as an oncogene in some cancers and a tumor suppressor in others. Understanding its regulation and mechanisms offers potential for new cancer therapies.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Sushi domain-containing protein 2 (SUSD2) is a key protein in the SUSD family, implicated in various physiological and pathological processes.
- Its specific role in cancer development and progression is complex and warrants further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the diverse roles of SUSD2 in different cancer types.
- To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing SUSD2.
- To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting SUSD2 in malignancies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on SUSD2 in cancer.
- Analysis of SUSD2's structure, distribution, and regulatory pathways.
- Examination of SUSD2's oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions across various cancers.
Main Results:
- SUSD2 exhibits context-dependent effects, promoting tumorigenesis in breast cancer, gastric cancer, and glioma, while suppressing tumors in lung, bladder, and colon cancer.
- SUSD2 is regulated by noncoding RNAs, promoter methylation, and molecules like Galectin-1, TPM4, and p63.
- Preliminary therapeutic strategies targeting SUSD2 show promise in melanoma, colon, and breast cancers.
Conclusions:
- SUSD2 presents a complex, cancer-type-specific role in tumorigenesis.
- Understanding SUSD2's regulatory network is crucial for its application as a biomarker.
- Targeting SUSD2 may offer novel therapeutic strategies for various cancers.
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