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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
922
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

957
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
957
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

998
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
998
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

971
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
971
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Room-temperature spin injection across a chiral perovskite/III-V interface.

Matthew P Hautzinger1, Xin Pan2, Steven C Hayden1

  • 1National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO, USA.

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Chiral perovskite semiconductors enable efficient spin injection into III-V materials at room temperature. This breakthrough allows for spin accumulation in semiconductor devices, paving the way for advanced optoelectronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Spin accumulation in semiconductors is crucial for advanced optoelectronic devices.
  • Current spin injection methods face inefficiencies at semiconductor interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate efficient spin injection across chiral halide perovskite/III-V interfaces.
  • To achieve spin accumulation in a III-V semiconductor light-emitting diode (LED).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a chiral perovskite/III-V heterostructure.
  • Integration into an (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P multiple quantum well LED.
  • Characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • Detection of spin accumulation via circularly polarized light emission.

Main Results:

  • Successful spin injection across the chiral perovskite/III-V interface.
  • Achieved spin accumulation in the III-V semiconductor, detected by circularly polarized light emission (up to 15 ± 4% polarization).
  • Characterization confirmed a clean, equilibrated semiconductor/semiconductor interface.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral perovskite semiconductors can effectively facilitate spin injection into traditional semiconductor platforms.
  • This approach enables spin control in well-established semiconductor technologies.
  • Opens new avenues for spintronic and optoelectronic device functionalities.