Tunable superconductivity in electron- and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene

Graphene-based, high-quality, two-dimensional electronic systems have emerged as a highly tunable platform for studying superconductivity^1-21. Specifically, superconductivity has been observed in both electron- and hole-doped twisted graphene moiré systems^1-17, whereas in crystalline graphene systems, superconductivity has so far been observed only in hole-doped rhombohedral trilayer graphene (RTG)¹⁸ and hole-doped Bernal bilayer graphene (BBG)^19-21. Recently, enhanced superconductivity has been demonstrated^20,21 in BBG because of the proximity to a monolayer WSe₂. Here we report the observation of superconductivity and a series of flavour-symmetry-breaking phases in electron- and hole-doped BBG/WSe₂ devices by electrostatic doping. The strength of the observed superconductivity is tunable by applied vertical electric fields. The maximum Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature for the electron- and hole-doped superconductivity is about 210 mK and 400 mK, respectively. Superconductivities emerge only when the applied electric fields drive the BBG electron or hole wavefunctions towards the WSe₂ layer, underscoring the importance of the WSe₂ layer in the observed superconductivity. The hole-doped superconductivity violates the Pauli paramagnetic limit, consistent with an Ising-like superconductor. By contrast, the electron-doped superconductivity obeys the Pauli limit, although the proximity-induced Ising spin-orbit coupling is also notable in the conduction band. Our findings highlight the rich physics associated with the conduction band in BBG, paving the way for further studies into the superconducting mechanisms of crystalline graphene and the development of superconductor devices based on BBG.