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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2025

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Atomic dynamics of electrified solid-liquid interfaces in liquid-cell TEM.

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Researchers visualized atomic dynamics at electrified solid-liquid interfaces during CO2 electroreduction using advanced TEM liquid cells. They discovered a liquid-like amorphous interphase mediating surface restructuring and mass loss, revealing a new amorphization mechanism.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Electrified solid-liquid interfaces (ESLIs) are crucial in energy, biology, and geochemistry.
  • Electron and mass transport at ESLIs can alter structural properties, influencing reaction pathways.
  • Directly observing atomic dynamics at buried solid-liquid interfaces under electric bias is technically challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly monitor the atomic dynamics of ESLIs during copper-catalyzed CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2ERs).
  • To elucidate the structural transformations and mechanisms governing interface behavior under electrochemical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of advanced polymer electrochemical liquid cells for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  • In situ TEM imaging to observe atomic dynamics at ESLIs during CO2ERs.
  • Theoretical calculations to complement experimental observations.

Main Results:

  • Direct observation of a fluctuating, liquid-like amorphous interphase at the electrified copper surface.
  • Demonstration of reversible crystalline-amorphous structural transformations within the interphase.
  • Identification of the interphase mediating crystalline Cu surface restructuring and mass loss.
  • Unveiling of an amorphization-mediated restructuring mechanism driven by charge-activated surface reactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides unprecedented real-time atomic insights into ESLI dynamics during electrochemical reactions.
  • A novel amorphization-mediated restructuring mechanism has been identified.
  • The developed TEM liquid cell technology opens new avenues for studying interfacial phenomena in various electrochemical systems.