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Causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and cataract development: A two-sample Mendelian randomization

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  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100010, China.

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|June 20, 2024
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Summary

Higher vitamin D levels may increase cataract risk. This study used Mendelian randomization to explore the causal link between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) and cataract development, finding a potential association.

Keywords:
25-hydroxyvitamin DCataractCausal relationshipMendelian randomizationSingle nucleotide polymorphism

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vitamin deficiencies are associated with various eye diseases.
  • The role of vitamin D in cataract formation is suggested but not well-established.
  • Causal links between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) status and cataract development require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a potential causal relationship between vitamin D levels and cataract development.
  • To utilize Mendelian randomization to assess the genetic influence of 25-(OH)D on cataract risk.

Main Methods:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis was employed to examine the causal link between 25-(OH)D and cataracts.
  • Multiple analytical methods including inverse-variance weighting (IVW) and MR-Egger were used.
  • Sensitivity analyses, heterogeneity tests, and pleiotropy assessments were conducted to ensure robustness.

Main Results:

  • A positive association was observed between higher 25-(OH)D levels and an increased risk of developing cataracts (OR = 1.11, P = 0.032).
  • The study found minimal heterogeneity and no significant pleiotropy in the primary analyses.
  • No potentially impactful risk-factor single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a potential causal link between elevated 25-(OH)D levels and cataract formation.
  • Higher vitamin D status may be a contributing risk factor for developing cataracts.
  • Further experimental research is warranted to validate these results.