Recent Progress on Rechargeable Zn-X (X=S, Se, Te, I₂, Br₂) Batteries

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Electrochemistry
• Energy Storage

Background:

• Aqueous zinc-X batteries (ZXBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage due to high theoretical capacity and environmental benefits.
• Achieving high energy density in ZXBs is complex, requiring optimization of cathode materials, reaction mechanisms, electrodes, and electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the reaction mechanisms of various ZXBs (Zn-S, Zn-Se, Zn-Te, Zn-I2, Zn-Br2).
• To summarize recent advancements in cathode materials and electrolytes for ZXBs.
• To explore fundamental challenges and the impact of electrolyte design on ZXB performance.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on aqueous zinc-X batteries.
• Analysis of reaction conversion mechanisms in different ZXB systems.
• Investigation of cathode material and electrolyte design strategies.

Main Results:

• Detailed summary of reaction mechanisms for Zn-S, Zn-Se, Zn-Te, Zn-I2, and Zn-Br2 batteries.
• Overview of progress in advanced cathode materials (S, Se, Te, I2, Br2) and electrolyte development.
• Identification of key factors influencing ZXB performance, particularly electrolyte design.

Conclusions:

• ZXBs present a viable pathway for sustainable energy storage.
• Further research into reaction mechanisms and optimized electrolyte design is crucial for enhancing ZXB performance.
• This review provides insights to guide the development of advanced conversion batteries.