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Pediatric Endophthalmitis Over the Last Five Decades: A Case Report and Systematic Review

Rim Kasem Ali Sliman1, Lana Khoury1, Shereen Shehadeh1,2,3

  • 1From the Department of Pediatrics, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|June 20, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric infectious endophthalmitis, often caused by trauma, requires prompt treatment like vitrectomy and antibiotics. Outcomes vary, with many achieving some vision but some facing severe vision loss or eye loss.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Pediatric infectious endophthalmitis is a severe ocular infection with limited data on its causes, microbiology, and outcomes.
  • Exogenous endophthalmitis is more common than endogenous forms in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, microbiology, management strategies, and visual outcomes of pediatric endophthalmitis.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on this rare but serious condition.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of pediatric endophthalmitis cases from 1980 to 2022.
  • Searches were conducted across major scientific databases including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.

Main Results:

  • Ocular trauma was the leading cause (78.3%), followed by post-surgical infection (12.6%).
  • Gram-positive bacteria were the most common pathogens in culture-positive cases.
  • Pars plana vitrectomy (76%) and intraocular antibiotics (74%) were primary treatments. Favorable visual acuity (≥20/200) was achieved in 30.5% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • This review synthesizes global literature on pediatric endophthalmitis, offering insights into its epidemiology, microbiology, treatment, and visual prognosis.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for improving management and outcomes in affected children.
Abstract

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