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Alterations in microbiome associated with acute pancreatitis
Cemal Yazici1,2, Medha Priyadarshini3, Brian Boulay1
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois Chicago.
Gut microbiome alterations are linked to acute pancreatitis (AP) risk and severity. Understanding these changes and their mechanisms is key for developing new AP prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Microbiology
- Immunology
Background:
- The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining host health.
- Dysbiosis, or imbalance in the gut microbiota, is implicated in various diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on gut microbiome alterations in acute pancreatitis (AP).
- To identify how these alterations influence AP risk and disease severity.
- To explore the mechanisms of gut microbiome-driven injury in AP.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of observational human studies.
- Analysis of in-vivo studies utilizing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) models.
- Evaluation of the role of gut barrier integrity, immune homeostasis, and microbial metabolites.
Main Results:
- Human studies show associations between decreased gut microbiome diversity and altered species abundance with AP risk and severity.
- In-vivo studies confirm the gut microbiome's role in AP development and severity.
- Gut barrier integrity, immune cell homeostasis, and microbial metabolites are crucial factors.
Conclusions:
- Further large-scale human cohort studies are needed.
- Assessing gut microbiome profiles and metabolites is essential.
- This research will inform novel prediction, prevention, and treatment strategies for AP.
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