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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Urban Hydrology
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs) are a major source of urban water pollution.
  • Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI) offers a solution by managing stormwater.
  • Previous research often focused on individual BGI types, not their real-world combinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess the CSO mitigation potential of various BGI combinations.
  • To evaluate the impact of different BGI elements, implementation rates, and routing schemes.
  • To quantify the effectiveness of BGI in reducing CSO discharge and frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 60 BGI combinations using four elements (bioretention, permeable pavement, green roofs, detention ponds).
  • Assessed four implementation rates (25-100% of catchment area) and four runoff routing schemes.
  • Utilized hydrological modeling to quantify CSO volume reduction and frequency.

Main Results:

  • BGI combinations substantially reduce CSO volumes, but detention ponds can increase CSO frequency.
  • The performance of BGI combinations differs from the sum of individual BGI effects.
  • Larger implementation areas are not always more cost-effective; optimal strategy depends on objectives.

Conclusions:

  • BGI combinations are crucial for CSO mitigation, with detention ponds playing a key role.
  • BGI type, implementation area, and runoff routing are critical factors in CSO reduction.
  • A systematic approach is needed to develop tailored BGI strategies for urban catchments.