High-content tailoring strategy to improve the multifunctionality of functional nucleic acids

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Functional nucleic acids (FNAs) exhibit diverse physiological roles, with their conformational recognition mechanisms advancing through tailoring and optimization.
• FNA tailoring techniques are crucial for nucleic acid repurposing, necessitating a systematic understanding of the relationship between tailoring strategies and FNA multifunctionality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically categorize eight types of FNA multifunctionality.
• To introduce traditional FNA tailoring strategies (deletion, substitution, splitting, fusion, elongation).
• To propose a novel high-content tailoring strategy for enhanced FNA multifunctionality.

Main Methods:

• Systematic categorization of FNA multifunctionality.
• Review of traditional FNA tailoring strategies.
• Proposal of a new high-content tailoring strategy.
• Comprehensive summary of rational tailoring applications.

Main Results:

• Eight types of FNA multifunctionality are categorized.
• Traditional FNA tailoring strategies are detailed.
• A novel high-content tailoring strategy is introduced to improve FNA multifunctionality.
• Applications of tailoring-driven FNA enhancement are summarized.

Conclusions:

• The high-content tailoring strategy is expected to expand FNA applications in biosensing, biomedicine, and materials science.
• This review provides a novel tailoring theory and systematic overview of FNA tailoring and repurposing.
• The proposed strategy promotes synergistic development across various scientific fields.